Ip Network Architecture Pdf BooksInternet Protocol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the IP network protocol only. For Internet architecture or other protocols, see Internet protocol suite. The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking, and essentially establishes the Internet. Ip Network Architecture Pdf FreeIP has the task of delivering packets from the source host to the destination host solely based on the IP addresses in the packet headers. For this purpose, IP defines packet structures that encapsulate the data to be delivered. It also defines addressing methods that are used to label the datagram with source and destination information. Historically, IP was the connectionless datagram service in the original Transmission Control Program introduced by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The Internet protocol suite is therefore often referred to as TCP/IP. The first major version of IP, Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv. Internet. Its successor is Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv.
Function. For this purpose, the Internet Protocol defines the format of packets and provides an addressing system that has two functions: Identifying hosts and providing a logical location service. The IP header is tagged with the source IP address, the destination IP address, and other meta- data needed to route and deliver the datagram. The payload is the data that is transported. This method of nesting the data payload in a packet with a header is called encapsulation. IP addressing and routing. Chapter 3 Basic Network Design IP Addressing zone. For more information on IP addressing, see IP Addressing and Subnetting for New Users at the following URL. 2-3 DSL Architecture: Reliability Design Plan Chapter 2 DSL Network Architectures Technology Overview Design Considerations Some of the key points of this. The address space is divided into networks and subnetworks, involving the designation of network or routing prefixes. IP routing is performed by all hosts, as well as routers, whose main function is to transport packets across network boundaries. Routers communicate with one another via specially designed routing protocols, either interior gateway protocols or exterior gateway protocols, as needed for the topology of the network. IP routing is also common in local networks. For example, many Ethernet switches support IP multicast operations. A central control component of this model was the . The monolithic Transmission Control Program was later divided into a modular architecture consisting of the Transmission Control Protocol at the transport layer and the Internet Protocol at the network layer. The model became known as the Department of Defense (Do. D) Internet Model and Internet Protocol Suite, and informally as TCP/IP. IP versions 0 to 3 were experimental versions, used between 1. The following Internet Experiment Note (IEN) documents describe versions of the Internet Protocol prior to the modern version of IPv. IEN 2 (Comments on Internet Protocol and TCP), dated August 1. TCP and Internet Protocol functionalities (which were previously combined.) It proposes the first version of the IP header, using 0 for the version field. IEN 2. 6 (A Proposed New Internet Header Format), dated February 1. IP header that uses a 1- bit version field. IEN 2. 8 (Draft Internetwork Protocol Description Version 2), dated February 1. IPv. 2. IEN 4. 1 (Internetwork Protocol Specification Version 4), dated June 1. IPv. 4. The IP header is different from the modern IPv. IEN 4. 4 (Latest Header Formats), dated June 1. IPv. 4, also with a header different from the modern IPv. IEN 5. 4 (Internetwork Protocol Specification Version 4), dated September 1. IPv. 4 using the header that would be standardized in RFC 7. The dominant internetworking protocol in the Internet Layer in use today is IPv. IP datagram. IPv. RFC 7. 91 (1. 98. Version 5 was used by the Internet Stream Protocol, an experimental streaming protocol. The successor to IPv. IPv. 6. Its most prominent difference from version 4 is the size of the addresses. While IPv. 4 uses 3. Although adoption of IPv. June 2. 00. 8. The network infrastructure is considered inherently unreliable at any single network element or transmission medium and is dynamic in terms of availability of links and nodes. No central monitoring or performance measurement facility exists that tracks or maintains the state of the network. For the benefit of reducing network complexity, the intelligence in the network is purposely located in the end nodes. As a consequence of this design, the Internet Protocol only provides best- effort delivery and its service is characterized as unreliable. In network architectural language, it is a connectionless protocol, in contrast to connection- oriented communications. Various error conditions may occur, such as data corruption, packet loss, duplication and out- of- order delivery. Because routing is dynamic, meaning every packet is treated independently, and because the network maintains no state based on the path of prior packets, different packets may be routed to the same destination via different paths, resulting in out- of- order sequencing at the receiver. IPv. 4 provides safeguards to ensure that the IP packet header is error- free. A routing node calculates a checksum for a packet. If the checksum is bad, the routing node discards the packet. Although the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) allows such notification, the routing node is not required to notify either end node of these errors. By contrast, in order to increase performance, and since current link layer technology is assumed to provide sufficient error detection. The upper layer protocols of the internet protocol suite are responsible for resolving reliability issues. For example, a host may buffer network data to ensure correct ordering before the data is delivered to an application. Link capacity and capability. One of the technical constraints is the size of data packets allowed on a given link. An application must assure that it uses proper transmission characteristics. Some of this responsibility lies also in the upper layer protocols. Facilities exist to examine the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size of the local link and Path MTU Discovery can be used for the entire projected path to the destination. The IPv. 4 internetworking layer has the capability to automatically fragment the original datagram into smaller units for transmission. In this case, IP provides re- ordering of fragments delivered out of order. The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) disregard MTU size, thereby forcing IP to fragment oversized datagrams. Consequently, many Internet protocols exhibited vulnerabilities highlighted by network attacks and later security assessments. In 2. 00. 8, a thorough security assessment and proposed mitigation of problems was published. Retrieved 4 July 2. April 1, 1. 99. 4.^RFC 1. RFC 2. 46. 0^Siyan, Karanjit. Inside TCP/IP, New Riders Publishing, 1. ISBN 1- 5. 62. 05- 7. Parker, Don (2 November 2.
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